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'Narrated by the glorious scholars' (qasida 15:47) This is the motto of this section, which is for preserving and the knowledge about the valuable books of our great religious predecessors. You can find all special expressions in the Glossary. We need your comments to develop this site for you.
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Great Ancestors' Books
Since we are constantly in need for the non-distorted books of our predecessors, and since some irresponsible groups had intentionally or unintentionally printed distorted books and spread them either in the markets or on the internet, there aroused an insisting need to find reliable sources for the books and knowledge of the virtuous predecessors. So, we are nominating to you some sister sites that choose accurately every book they present. This way you can easily find the books and texts of our predecessors which some people tried to hide and conceal, but Allah will complete His guidance, even if biased people dislike. We will mention some of the books, from these sites, that sheikh Fakhr Eldin quoted from in his books and lessons. More information about these sites are in the library page in our main site.
Al-Mwatta'
Al-Mwatta' book of Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH]. Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH] is one of the Four Imams of the people of Sunna. Malik, the grand father of Imam Malik, is one of the greatest followers. It was narrated from Malik, the follower, more than two thousand and two hundred Hadith. Imam Malek [AAH] spent most of his life in Medina, during this period; he did not wear any shoes, for the fear of treading on a spot that the Messenger of Allah [AAH] had put his foot on before. Imam Malik [AAH] was famous for his knowledge, till he became the Imam of Hijaz, and the Fiqh man of the house of Hijra. Until it was said that "nobody can give a Shari’a Fatwa while Malik is in Medina".
Al-Mwatta’ comprehends his Maliky Fiqh doctrine and his scientific way in Fiqh of analogy, unanimity, the work of Medina people and the traces of the companions. Imam Malik [AAH] combined between two ways of Fiqh deduction: the people of opinion and the people of Hadith. Also in the book's footer, the book of (Esa’f al-Mobtta’ with the men of al-Mwatta’) by Imam as-Seyouty [AAH]. The book’s link in Al-Turath site Introduced by the Editors Translated by Aseya al-Khouly
Note:
to
download & use these books, you need to down the compressed files
(rar
files) of the book and place it in the same
folder
and do not change their names. Then open any compressed file and you will
find the book which may comprise of one (pdf)
file or several ones which in turn will be decompressed to a one folder and
do not change any of their names. Now you open any of them using the
acrobat reader
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A Selection of brother’s readings:
The Knowledgeable Glorious Scholars
Thanks to Allah who has made the knowledgeable scholars successors to the prophets to inherit their manners and became role models for everyone. Many people got strayed and got away from the guidance of the Beloved [PPBUH] when they did not take the great old knowledgeable scholars of this nation as their source of knowledge, instead they became addicted to taking from the recent simple ones. This way they got away from what their righteous ancestors used to have and what was settled by the Islamic nation for decades and centuries. The Prophet [PPBUH] said: (People are still in blessing as long as they took their knowledge from their knowledgeable elders. When they start taking from their young unknowledgeable ones then they are doomed). The Prophet [PPBUH] also said: (This religion is knowledge, so be careful who to get from). He [PPBUH] also said: (When the knowledgeable scholars die, people will choose their leaders from unknowledgeable ones. When they ask them, they will answer without knowledge, so they will lead astray and mislead everyone, and there is no strength no power but from Allah). sayydi Fakhreddin Mohamed Osman [AAH] said: [If you were asked: What is the book? It is from what is narrated by the great scholars] (qasida 15:47) All scholars agreed that no one can disparage any word from the Prophet [PPBUH] or judge it as being fabricated or weakly narrated, unless he has an absolute proof from Qur'an or Sunna of the Prophet [PPBUH]. From the start of the first century and up until now, great scholars [AAT] have taken the mission of preserving Turath of our true religion [inherited knowledge from the Prophet, His companions, and our great scholars]. They have been preserving it the same way as the Prophet [PPBUH] wanted them to do. That is how the authentic Hadith, true interpretations, and Historical events from the start of Mohammad' Message till our current day, were preserved and predicated honestly and truthfully. One of the main glorious scholars, with a great resume, is:
Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH]
Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH] is the trustworthy and pious imam, he is the Imam of the people of Sunna and the unanimity. He is Abdullah ibn Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn Abi Amer ibn Amro ibn Harith, who is from the kings of Yemen. He is also Humairey and Asbahey and Medaney. The mother of Imam Malik is al-Aliah, or al-Ghaliah, bent al-Sharik, al-Azdiah. The grandfather of the Imam is Malik, who was one of the greatest followers. Imam Malik, the grandfather, was one of the best people, he is one of the four who carried Osman ibn Affan [AAH]. Imam Malik passed away on 112H. He had four sons and one daughter named Om-al-Bahaa and she was one of the people who memorized his esteemed knowledge. His features: Imam Malik was solemn man, highly tall, blond with a white face and he had wide eyes with blue color. His noise was pointing high and he had long beard with twisted moustache. His birth and growth:
Imam Malik [AAH]
was born on Rabi'i al-awwal in 93 H, in the city of Ze-al-Marwah. Firstly,
he went to al-Aqiq city then to Medina. He [AAH]
grew up in a house which was into the knowledge of Hadith. The most caring
person in his family about that knowledge of Hadith was his uncle Nafei',
surnamed as Abi-Sahl. An-Nadar, the brother of Imam Malik was in the
business of knowledge and was accompanying the knowledgeable scholars. Imam
Malik [AAH]
was called; the brother of an-Nadar because of his brother's famousness.
Under the effect of his environment and according to the instructions of his
mother, Imam Malik began to ask for knowledge when he was young. Imam Malik
said “when I reached the
Imam Malik [AAH]
devoted himself to seek knowledge. His breadwinner died and he grew up and
had to provide for himself, his wife and his daughter. He had inherited,
from his father, a trade of four hundred Dinars. He was busy, with seeking
knowledge, from that trade until it became sluggish. He was compelled to
sell some wood of his house ceiling to live and provide for his family with
its cost. He began to adjure the rulers in order to allow to the
knowledgeable scholars to be free for knowledge and assign salaries for them
to grant them good life. Al-Laith ibn Saad met with Imam Malik, he was a
young student from Egypt and they became companions. Al-Laith ibn Saad
realized that his friend, Imam Malik ibn Anas, in spite of his elegance and
clean good scented clothes, is so poor and he is hiding his poverty because
of his modesty and sense of honor. Al-Laith ibn Saad was so rich, so he gave
his friend a good deal of money and swore to him and insisted that he accept
it. Al-Laith ibn Saad returned back to Egypt but kept on sending gifts and
money to his companion, till Allah granted Imam Malik a good condition with
money and he found of the caliphs who responded to his call for assigning
salaries to knowledgeable scholars. Imam Malik [AAH]
was asked for the reason that asking for salaries to the knowledgeable
scholars took so long until it was finally answered. Imam Malik replied “No
one can reach what he wants of knowledge until he becomes so poor and
prefers it to everything. The one who asked for knowledge, has to be patient
for it”. Imam Malik [AAH]
accompanied ibn-Hormoz, who died on 148 H, for seven years in his early
start. Imam Malik said “I used to go to ibn Hormoz's house in the morning
and do not go out until night”. Imam Malik then accompanied to
Imam ash-Shafei'y narrated that he saw beside the door of Imam Malik gifts of horses from Khurasan and Egyptian mules. He said to Imam Malik “what a great horses and mules”. Imam Malik said “It is for you, take it all”. Imam ash-Shafei'y said “would not you keep some of them for yourself to ride?” Imam Malik replied “I am ashamed from Allah, Almighty, to step, by a hoof of a ride, on a land that contains the Messenger of Allah [PPBUH]”. Imam Malik hated argument and he turned down Harown ar-Rashyd, when he met him in Medina and asked him to debate with Abo-Yusuf, who was a companion of Abo-Hanifa. Imam Malik said with angry “the knowledge is not as instigation among the animals or roosters”. Imam Malik used to think that the argument in religion is a corruption of it. He was once asked “if a man has knowledge of Sunna, should not he argue for it?” He replied “he has to tell the Sunna, if it was accepted from him, it is fine, otherwise he has to stay silent”. Imam Malik [AAH] said that “I hate arguing in religion and the people of our Medina also hated it and prohibited it”. He called the people who debate about beliefs, compulsion and things like that, the people of heresy. His setting for Fatwa: People circled around him, asking for knowledge, when he was 17 years old, but he never gave Fatwa [Shari'a judgment] until he consult 70 scholars of the knowledgeable scholars of Medina when he was 40 years old. Imam Malik [AAH] has come to disagree with his teacher Rabi'a, so, he decided to have independent circle of his own. Yet he did not do that except after he had showed his Fiqh to 70 of the sheiks and scholars who used to teach in the Prophetic Masjid and got their permission to teach people.
Imam Malik
used to abundantly give the poor of students. He was keen to get good food
and elegant white clothes from the best of Egypt, Khurasan and Aden. One of
his students said that when he moved his circle to his house and the
students used to came to him, his young servant used to come out for them,
saying: the sheikh asks you; if you want to ask about cases or Hadith? If
they said cases, he would come out to them and give them his Fatwa, and if
they said Hadith, she would say to them: set down for a while. Imam Malik
would then wash up, wear perfume, wear new clothes and put the turban then
he would come out to them with reverence. He used to light some incense to
last until finishing the Hadith of the
Who careful he was in the knowledge and Fatwa: Abo-Huraira narrated from the Messenger of Allah [PPBUH] that He said (people will exhaust their camels asking for knowledge, and would not find a scholar who is more knowledgeable than the scholar of Medina). And more than one said that this one was Malik ibn Anas That is why, Imam Malik used to search and investigate a lot for his Fatwa in taking and in giving. He has been asked in his circle about lots of cases and did not answer except to few of them. Imam Malik would think about some case for years and finds no answer that he fully accepts. He used to follow his Fatwa with the Qur'anic verse [we deem it not but conjecture and we are, by no means, sure] al-Gathiya 45:32. He would not tell Hadith until he was sure of it and if he had doubts, he would leave it. One of his students blamed him for being very careful about Fatwa. Imam Malik was affected and wept saying “I fear that some day that fatwa would give me a very hard day”. Once Imam Malik said to one of his students “there is nothing easy about knowledge, did not you hear the words of Allah, Almighty, [We will charge you with heavy words] al-Mozzammel 73:6. So all knowledge is heavy, specially what we would be asked about on the judgment day. Some of people blamed Imam Malik for his care about his house furniture, clothes and food, so he said “the house is the lineage of the human being and I do not like for someone whom Allah gave blessings to not see its traces, especially the people of knowledge”.
Imam Malik
disliked fighting the rulers, even if they were injustice. He gave a Fatwa
that all the people have to obey the ruler even if he was unjust. He
preferred to be neutral and left the politics. However, politics did not
leave him, and his neutrality did not help him. As one day, he was
explaining, in the Prophetic Masjid, the Hadith that says (The oath of
the compelled one, does not count). He was showing the people that who
gets divorced forcedly, then his divorce doesn’t happen. Then one of the
grandsons of al-Husain ibn Ali [AAT],
who was Mohamed an-Nafs az-zakiya revolted against the caliph al-Mansour,
because he took the pledge of allegiance for himself by coercion, and people
pledged allegiance to him while they were forced. Some people in Medina
invalidated their pledge of allegiance for al-Mansour and joined Mohamed
an-Nafs az-Zakeya following that Hadith and applying the Sunna. So, the
ruler of Medina sent for Imam Malik to stop explaining this Hadith, as it
instigates people for revolution and invalidating the pledge of allegiance.
However Imam Malik [AAH]
refused to suppress the knowledge. He also generalized the rule of this
Hadith to all kinds of compulsion in treatments and life. The ruler of
Medina ordered his men to whip Imam Malik. They whipped him, pulled him till
his shoulder was dislocated, and imprisoned him in his house. People of
Medina got angry with the ruler and also with the caliph, so did the
scholars and Fiqh men from every country, because Imam Malik abided by
neutrality and was avoiding politics. Then when al-Mansour curbed the
revolution of an-Nafs az-Zakeya. He asked for imam Malik to satisfy him, but
Imam Malik refused and did not leave his prison in his house. So, al-Mansour
ordered the ruler of
The caliph al–Mansour requested from Imam Malik to write a book including all Hadith of the Messenger, the judgments of the companions, and their traces and deeds, so that it can be used like a law for whole the state, and can be applied in all its countries, instead of the differences amongst the diligent ones, the judges, and scholars. That was the advice of ibn al-Moqaffa', the writer. Imam Malik tried to excuse himself from this mission. But al-Mansour insisted on that and said to him “today, there is no one more knowledgeable than you”, and he insisted saying “as for the people of Iraq, I do not accept from them, as the best knowledge is from the people of Medina”. Imam Malik [AAH] was convinced with the opinion of the caliph to gather the diligent ones, the judges and the scholars on one opinion. The Imam then devoted himself to prepare that book. He began to write, revise, delete doubles of what he recorded, and to correct what he recorded. He named his book al-Mwatta', which means, in Arabic language, the revised book. He kept revising this book many years, during those years his competitors from the scholars of Medina made many books in Hadith and companions traces. They named it “al-Mwatta'” too. The Imam was told about those books and he said “nothing will be raised unless it was meant for the sake of Allah”. Actually, those books disappeared and no one heard about it after that. However the book of al-Mwatta' was finished by Imam Malik after the caliph al–Mansour has died, another caliph, and another one then came Harown ar-Rashid. Ar-Rashid wanted to hang al-Mwatta' in al-Ka’ba, but Imam Malik [AAH] refused that. He quoted many people and they where mentioned in al-Mwatta'. It was narrated from him that he said “I showed my book to 70 scholars from Medina and all of them made agreed with me, so, I named it al-Muatta' [also in Arabic language means: the agreed upon book]. Imam Malik knew all the traces of the companions except the Fiqh of Imam Ali ibn Abi-Talib [AHHF] because the Amaweyown, confiscated it and veiled it and al-Abbaseyown chased it off. But this Fiqh was within the boundaries of Ahl-al-Bait, and their lovers, in books they circulated among them secretly. Imam Malik was able to sit to Imam Ga'far as-Sadiq, and had a great respect and appreciation for him. In fact, Imam Malik benefited a lot from his company with Imam Ga'far as-Sadiq. He learnt from him depending on the mind in the cases where there is lack of text about it. He called this the discretion or the best interest. Using the mind in Fiqh of Imam as-Sadiq, gave it renewal and richness. So did the consideration of the best interest in judgment to Fiqh of Imam Malik in case where there is no text.
Imam Malik
says about his relation with imam Ga'far as-Sadiq "I used to go to Ga'far
ibn
Mohamed, he used to be humoring and smiling until the Prophet [PPBUH]
is mentioned, then he would turn green and yellow. I accompanied him for
long time and never saw him except in one of three situations: praying,
fasting or reading Qur'an and I never saw him talking about the
Imam as-Sadiq took the knowledge from his father Imam Mohammad al-Baqir ibn Ali Zain al-Abedin ibn al-Husain ibn Ali ibn Abi-Talib [AAT]. Imam Malik [AAH] accompanied Imam Mohammed al-Baqir and his son Imam Ga'far and learnt from them. Imam Malik never dissembled the caliphs. Although he did not publicly protest against their injustice, he chose to give them good advice whenever required. One of his students, one day, blamed him for contacting the princes and caliphs, as they were injustice. His students thought that a righteous man like Imam Malik should not deal with these caliphs. Imam Malik [AAH] replied “there is a right on every Muslim or anyone upon whose heart Allah has bestowed some knowledge and Fiqh, to come to those who have the reign and advise them to do what is good and forbid them to do the bad”. When his students kept urging him to stop his relation with caliphs and princes, he [AAH] said “if I did not come to them, I would not have seen Sunna of the Prophet [PPBUH] followed in this Medina”. He used to give his advice to the rulers in cover way in order not to embarrass them in front of their subjects, and he used to express it in a way to leave good impact. One day, he saw one of the rulers going to Hajj in a stately procession and the extravagance of luxury is appearing on him, he said to him ”Omar ibn al-Khattab, in spite of his advantage, used to blow in the fire under the cooking pot till the smoke comes out of his beard. People will be satisfied with you without this”. He said to another ruler “check on your subjects' affairs, as you are responsible for them. Omar ibn al-Khattab said: By the One who has my soul in his hands, if a camel died in al-Furat beach, I would believe that Allah would ask me about it in judgment day”. Imam Malik wrote to another caliph “take your caution from the day that nothing will save you except your work, you should take example from your predecessors and you should fear Allah”. One of the rulers one day was visiting Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH] in his house, asking for his advice, then some Present praised the ruler. Imam Malik got angry from that, although his angry was rare. He yelled to the ruler, although he rarely yelled, and he said “Take care not to be deceived with the praise of those people for you. Who praised you with something that you do not have, is about to say something bad about you that you do not have. You know yourself well, better than they do. The Messenger of Allah [PPBUH] said: (Throw the dust in the faces of the eulogists) ”. The testimonies of the people of knowledge for his Imam leadership and their praise for him: · Ibn Hormoz said “Call him, as he is the most knowledgeable of the people”. Ibn Shehab said to him “you are one of the vessels of knowledge”. It was said to Abi-al-Aswad “who do you think is the one fit for the subjective opinion after Rabei’a in Medina?” He said “Al-Asbahey boy (Malik)”.
·
Sufian ibn Uyaynah said “who are we with Malik? we are but following Malik”.
He sai · Imam ash-Shafei’y [AAH] said “if the news comes, Malik is the star” and said too “Malik ibn Anas is my teacher and no one has more favor over me than him. We took the knowledge from him and I am just boy of Malik's students”. He also said “Malik and Sufian are two associates and Malik is the sharp star that no one can catch”. · Al-Awza’y said “I saw a knowledgeable man”, he meant Imam Malik. Abo-Yusuf said “I never saw more knowledgeable than three men: Malik, Abi-Layla and Abi-Hanifa”. Imam Al-Laith said “the knowledge of Malik is pious, the knowledge of Malik is pure, Malik is safety for whoever took from his knowledge of people”. Ibn al-Mubarak said “if I was asked to choose an Imam for the Imams, I would have chosen Malik”. · Yahya ibn Sa'id said “Malik is the prince of believers in the the knowledge of Hadith”. He said too “Malik is the highest of the companions of az-Zuhri and the most trustworthy and firm of all people in every thing”. And he said also “Malik is the star of Hadith who refrains from the weak ones and narrates from the sons of Muhajerin and Ansar”. · An-Nasa'i said “the trustees of Allah on His revelation are: Shu’bah, Malik and Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan. For me, there is no one, after the followers, who is better, more honorable, and more safe for Hadith than Malik”. Ahmed ibn Hanbal [AAH] said “Malik is better than ibn Uyayah in the Hadith narrated from az-Zuhry. And Malik is the most ascertained one from az-Zuhri”. His students: Most of Imams who appeared in the era of imam Malik were his students from every place on earth. They were uncountable and that was because of his residence in Medina. The Hajj people are accustomed to visiting the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah [PPBUH]. So they would find him there and learn some knowledge from him. Some of them would stay long and others would not. What also made him have many students, is that Imam Malik [AAH] lived long, as he lived around ninety years. Az-Zahaby counted his students to be more than one thousand and four hundred students. His books:
·
Al-Mwatta’ the most important book of his and the most honorable one. He
wrote it with his hand. He composed it in around 40 years. It is the book
which reputation went through the horizon. Imams testified to its
antecedence over all Hadith books in and after his era. Imam ash-Shafei'y [AAH]
said “no book appeared on earth, after the Book of Allah, more right than
Malik’s book” in another narration “more correct” and another narration
“more beneficial”. Al-Bukharey said “the most right Isnad at all is Malik
from Nafea from ibn Omar”. Al-Bukharey named that Isnad as the golden chain.
This Isnad was mentioned many times in al-Mwatta'. The judge Abo-Bakr ibn
al-Arabi in the explanation of at-Turmuzy said “al-Mwatta’ is the origin,
the marrow, and the book of · The books of “the reply to al-Qadary”, “A message in the fate”, “the stars and calculating orbit of the time”, “Message in the destinies” in 10 parts, “the explanation of what is strange in Qur'an”, and a group of messages in Fiqh which was narrated from him and it reached around 36,000 cases and was named “the Great Record”. His death: After a long life full of knowledge, Imam Malik ibn Anas [AAH] passed away in Rabei' al-Awwal, 179H (795 AD) when he was around sixty eight years old. The prince of Medina, Abdullah ibn Mohammed ibn Ibrahim al-Abbasi, prayed the funeral prayer for him and escorted the deceased to his final resting place and participated in carrying his bier. He was buried at al-Baqei'. Imam ash-Shafei'y [AAH] said “my aunt said to me while we were in Mecca: I saw in this day a strange thing. I said to her: and what was it? She said: I saw like someone says: Tonight, the most knowledgeable one of the people of earth died. Imam ash-Shafei'y [AAH] said: We calculated that, and found it to be the day when Malik ibn Anas died”. The spreading of Imam Malik's doctrine: This is the predominant doctrine in Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Sudan, Upper Egypt, Southern Iran and Western and Middle Africa. Its followers around the world reach more than 150 Million.
Edited by G. Salah Translated by Aseya al-Khouly
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education age, my aunt came and told me these words
“go and write”, she meant the Hadith. When Imam Malik reached ten years of
age, he had memorized the Holy Qur'an and some of Hadith. Then his mother
drived him to the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah [
Nafei' Mawla
[attendant of] ibn Omar, he stayed with him and learnt from him great deal
of knowledge. The most correct Hadith are those which were narrated from
Malik from Nafei' from ibn Omar. Imam Malik learnt also from ibn Shehab
az-Zohary, who was the first one to write Hadith and was the most famous
sheikh of Medina. Imam Malik [
Messenger of Allah [
Medina to release Imam Malik. Then he came himself from
Iraq to Hejaz in the season of Hajj, received Imam Malik and apologized to
him. He also ordered to inflict the ruler of Medina with punishment that is
many times what he did to Imam Malik. Imam Malik said then “my Allah protect
the prince of believers and honor his abode. I forgive him for his
relationship to the Messenger of Allah [
Messenger of
Allah [
d too “I cannot think of Medina after Malik except ruined”. He also
said “Malik is the master of Medina people”. He said too “Malik is the
master of Muslims”.
al-Bukhary is the second source in this field,
upon which, every built, like Muslim and at-Turmuzy”.